Impact of waste water management on groundwater quality in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

Abstract

Groundwater is the only source of water in the Gaza Strip. There are severe water problems in the area which include water shortage and contamination. 30% of the population is served by piped sewage systems, and the remainder is served by cesspools, open drains and vaults. When these pools are full, they are discharged and sprayed on the surface of the ground. Results of groundwater chemical analysis showed high nitrate concentrations (up to 637 mg/1; the WHO drinking water guideline is 50 mg/1). The mechanism of groundwater contamination is controlled by the infiltration of waste water from cesspools or surface drains Methaemoglobinemia results from consumption of high nitrate water Wherever drinking water guidelines for nitrate in water are exceeded, it is recommended that infants be supplied with water from another source. Effective waste water management plans and protective measures are suggested to minimise the huge recharge of waste water to the aquifer.