Influence of sand filter in wastewater treatment (a case study in Gaza City, Gaza Strip wastewater treatment plant)

Abstract

Scarcity of water resources increases the pressure to develop methods for wastewater treatments. In this study, modifications of sand filter were made by installing vertical devices with different length to change the conditions inside the sand filter; consequently, the produced water may be suitable for reuse. We assessed the performance of modified sand filters cultivated with and without reed plant in changing the flow rate, removing biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), removal of ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), removal of nitrate, total suspended solids (TSS), and fecal coliforms (FC). Two types of sand filters were used in this study: one sand filter was planted with reed bed and the second without reed bed. Results showed that modified sand filters had the ability to reduce the flow rate nearly 10 times lower than regular sand filter (horizontal flow). Moreover, removal of …