مفطراتُ الصيام - رؤية فقهية في رفع التناقض

Abstract

This research deals with the contradiction in the jurisprudence of fasting, especially contemporary, where tuning the concept of contradiction, and pointed to a group of contradictions in jurisprudence fasting, and explained the reasons that contributed to get this contradiction, and put number of bases that can contribute to remove, and then concluded a set of recommendations that narrow circle of breaking the fast. ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ : ،،‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺼﺤﺒﻪ‬ ،‫ﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ،‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻁﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬  ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻤﻌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹴ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬- ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻨﻲ‬-‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﹴ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﹴ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺭﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬  ‫ﻷﻱ‬  ‫ﻴﻠﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺜ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺸـﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻤﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬. ‫ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻀـﻊ‬ ،‫ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺎﻭل‬ ، ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺱ‬. ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ " ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻁﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ " ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬. ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ : 1. ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬. 2. ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺼﻭﺼ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻪ‬. 3. ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬. 4. ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺎﻗﺽ‬ .