تخصيص العموم بالعرف،وأثره في الفروع الفقهية

Abstract

This study demonstrated how to allocation of the commons in the custom, and its impact on the jurisprudence branches. The fact of customization, also the fact of commons , custom and the views of scholars in the allocation of commons in the custom. The study concluded with the statement that may be allocated by the commons in the custom, with an indication of the impact in worship , transactions , personal status and crimes. It had shown that the custom was in previous , still and will it always the wide door for growth and development of legislation, therefore it is consistent with the circumstances of the people also, to the requirements of time , and keep pace with human development ,where it provides scholars and muftis of appropriate provisions of their time, to leads them to the purposes of the people and their actions. ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ : ‫ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‬ ،‫ﺃﺠﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺤﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻥ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺜﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻤﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻋﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺤ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ .