قراءة بلاغية في ديوان الإمام الشافعي 150هـ - 204هـ)

Abstract

The study presents biographical information about Imam Shafei (life, tutors, students, his poetry and fiqh). In addition, the paper examines a number of rhetorical features in his poetry such as: semantics, style, and figurative language through rhetorical analysis of a number of his poems. The end purpose of this research is to make clear that, in addition to being a specialist in jurisprudence (Fiqh), poet, and a scholar in prophetic hadeeth and linguist, he is wise and eloquent. ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬ : ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺸﺄﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻟﺩﻩ‬ : ‫ﺒـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺸﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﺘﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺴﻭل‬ r ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻫل‬. ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺩ‬) 150 ‫ﻫـ‬ (‫ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻌـﺴﻘﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺩﺘﻪ‬ " : ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬ " ، ‫ﻁﻔـل‬ ‫ﻭﻫـﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻜـﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﻴﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺨﻭﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺯﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻤﻬﺎ‬ " ‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻁﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﻴﺔ‬ " .