Evaluation the Effect of Environmental and Social Factors on Adult Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Gaza Governorates: Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Chronic renal failure is currently recognized as an important global population health problem. The study aims to evaluate the effect of environmental and social factors on adult patients with chronic renal failure in Gaza governorates. Methodology: Retrospective study was conducted during the period from April to August 2015; in all hospitals in Gaza governorates. Study sample are a systematic random sample, which include 235 patients; all participants were subjected to questionnaire; response rate is 100%. Results: The study findings showed that male participant (56.6%) higher than female participant (43.4%); the highest age group is more than 50 years, which represent 46%; about 65% of patients are treated in Al Shifa hospital; about 74% of subjects are married, and 49.2% are considered relative to his wife or her husband; 68.5% of subjects their education level is less than Tawjihi (12th stage); 71% of participants are suffering from chronic disease other than CRF; 46% of participants were used medications without prescribe; the highest type of medications that the patients used it is anti-inflammatory medications; the highest age group when sustained CRF is 51 years and more; 86.4% of participants don't have history of CRF among parents; 91.5% of subjects are unemployed now; while 47.2% were had jobs before sustaining CRF; the highest jobs is governmental jobs and buildings jobs; about 60% of subjects, their monthly income is less than 1000 NIS. Regarding to pesticides, 45.1% of participants were used pesticides inside their home; also 92.8% of subjects don’t expose to environmental poisons. The study shows that 58% of subjects, are eating fast ready meals, sweets and soft drinks. As well as 57% are taking too much coffee and tea. And 45.5% are eating canned foods. Also 51.1% eating too much foods that contain carbohydrates; 70.6% eating too much food which contain proteins; 78.3% eating too much food that contain vitamins; 84.3% eating a red meat; 91.1% eating a white meat; 85.1% eating a sea foods; 74.9% don’t practice an exercise or sports. About 70% of subjects, were non-smokers before CRF. In other hand 54% of participants are considered passive smokers. About half of subjects were used a municipality water as a source of drinking and cocking water before CRF. As well as 63% were drinking 2 litters and less per day. Finally the results reveals that 74% of participants have low knowledge about CRF before having it. Also 85.5% of patients didn’t attended to health education programs. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant variations between gender and (governorate, residency, living in a crowded area, lived beside industrial area, using pesticides, lived in agricultural area, and knowledge about CRF). Also the results showed that there is statistically significant differences between gender and [exposure to chemicals during work, amount of drinking water, (Consumption of ready meals, sweets, and soft drinks), drinking much coffee and tea, consumption of canned food, and consumption of much salted food].